Obtaining includes not only that which is possessed but also that which is achieved or lost. For example, one might obtain a law degree or lose an election. One can also obtain a condition, such as obtaining a smoothly operating political system or loosing the love of a parent. Whether it refers to a mental or physical state or process, obtaining describes the concept of attaining.

Excerpted from The Zen of Story Structure

DEFINITION: Obtaining: achieving or possessing something.

SYNONYMS: controlling for oneself, possessing, having, keeping.

DYNAMIC PAIR: Doing, engaging in a physical activity.

Doing is the process of being physically active. In and of itself, Doing does not require any purpose, but simply describes engaging in a process, task, or endeavor, whether for pleasure or by necessity or compulsion.

Excerpted from The Zen of Story Structure

DEFINITION: Doing: engaging in a physical activity.

SYNONYMS: performing, executing, effecting action, acting.

DYNAMIC PAIR: Obtaining, achieving or possessing something.

“The Present” does not refer to the way things are going, but to the way things are. It is a here and now judgment of the arrangement of a situation and the circumstances surrounding it.

A story that focuses on the Present is not concerned with how events led to the current situation nor where the current situation will lead, but defines the scenario that exists at the moment.

Excerpted from The Zen of Story Structure

DEFINITION: The Present: the current situation and circumstances.

SYNONYMS: how things stand, the here and now, current situation, as of this moment.

DYNAMIC PAIR: The Past, what has already happened.

A story focusing on The Future concerns itself with what will be. This does not require the story to be “set” in the Future – only that the Future state of external and/or internal issues is the subject that is addressed by the story. A character centered on The Future may be trying to discover what will be, or may be trying to achieve a particular state of affairs down the line. In both the Story and Character sense, the end is more important than the present, although it still may not justify the means.

Excerpted from The Zen of Story Structure

DEFINITION: The Future: what will happen or what will be.

SYNONYMS: what is to come, what will be, prospect, prospective.

DYNAMIC PAIR: Progress, the way things are going.

Progress concerns itself with change: what direction and how fast? It is not so important where things were, are, or will be, but rather how the struggle between inertia and change seesaws over the course of the story.

Excerpted from The Zen of Story Structure

DEFINITION: Progress: the way things are going.

SYNONYMS: flowing, advancing, proceeding, moving forward, developing step by step, graduated, staging, successive, procession, the way things are going.

DYNAMIC PAIR: The Future, what will happen or what will be.

Excerpted from The Zen of Story Structure

The Past is not unchanging. Often we learn new things that change our understanding of what past events truly meant and create new appreciations of how things really fit together. A Story that focuses on The Past, may be much more than a documentation of what happened. Frequently, it is a reevaluation of the meaning of what has occurred that can lead to changing one’s understanding of what is happening in the present or will eventually happen in the future.

DEFINITION: The Past: what has already happened.

SYNONYMS: history, what has happened, former times, retrospective.

DYNAMIC PAIR: The Present, the current situation and circumstances.

Excerpted from The Zen of Story Structure

The Mind Class describes a fixed attitude. This can be a bias, prejudice or even a “positive” opinion about anything at all. The key is that the attitude is fixed, meaning it is accepted as a given and not reevaluated. Often the Mind Class is represented by a group of people who share a common bias for or against something.

DEFINITION: Mind: a fixed attitude or outlook.

SYNONYMS: attitude, fixation, position on an issue, fixed point of view, disposition.

DYNAMIC PAIR: Universe, a situation or environment.

Excerpted from The Zen of Story Structure

The Psychology Class is where the evolution or change in an attitude is explored, unlike the Mind Class which describes the nature of a fixed state of mind. This is a more deliberation-oriented Class where the focus is not on the attitude itself, but whether it is changing for better or for worse.

DEFINITION: Psychology: a manner of thinking or demeanor.

SYNONYMS: ways of thinking, thinking process, activity of the psyche, manipulation of others.

DYNAMIC PAIR: Physics, an activity or endeavor.

Excerpted from The Zen of Story Structure

The Physics Class is one of action. Whereas the Universe Class describes a fixed situation, Physics is a Class of dynamics. Situations evolve, develop, and change. Activities are engaged in and endeavors undertaken.

DEFINITION: Physics: an activity or endeavor.

SYNONYMS: an activity, an enterprise, an initiative, an endeavor, an operation.

DYNAMIC PAIR: Psychology, a manner of thinking or demeanor.

Excerpted from The Zen of Story Structure

The Universe Class is where any fixed state of affairs is explored, such as an institution, system, or situation that remains stable and unchanging. The point may be to show that the system is good, bad, or neutral, but the focus must be on the system, not on how the system is changing.

DEFINITION: Universe: a situation or environment.

SYNONYMS: a situation, a set of circumstances, state of affairs, predicament, environment, milieu.

DYNAMIC PAIR: Mind, a fixed attitude or outlook.